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3atfcm operations manual A description of the ATFCM area and information on the Network Operations Systems can be found in the ATFCM Operations Manual

2. ID : OI/18-020 Issued on: Subject Validity NOP Portal: Yes Briefing: No 27/02/2018 By : mcech Regulation proposals via…The purpose of the E-Helpdesk is to reduce the amount of telephone calls to the Network Manager Operations Centre Helpdesk for slot improvements, extensions and information. • ASM/ATFCM Procedure 2 : Making better use of airspace opportunities (alteration of airspace restrictions, increase route availability) on the day of operations in order to. web mar 25 2022 the atfcm operations manual is intended to provide flow management positions fmps and eurocontrol s network manager nm with common understanding of theirThe ATFCM Operations Manual is intended for all EUROCONTROL NM and FMP staff involved in operational air traffic flow and capacity management. int to obtain the authorization. ANI airports can also exchange Target Take-Off (TTA-API) and Target Time Over APIs (TTO), those messages are however optional. 3 EUROCONTROL Specification for Data Exchange Presentation (ADEXP) (v. 1 Scope The purpose of this document is to provide operational guidelines to maintain traffic activity in case of ETFMS failure during the aeronautical season specified in the subtitle of the document. 1. Download. 4. 2) The FMP shall coordinate the proposal details with the NM pre-tactical / tactical team via telephone according to the operational implementation phase. 7. Brussels, Eurocontrol. PURPOSE The ATFCM Operations Manual is intended to provide Flow Management Positions (FMPs) and EUROCONTROL’s Network Manager (NM) with common. 1 Main elements of the AFUA Concept 1. Download. 0 migration. 5 CTOT extension management as recommended by the TPC/FM meeting on November 20th, 2019. ATFCM Operations Manual. 0 ATFCM MANUAL Edited & produced by the Directorate Network Manager (DNM) ©2013 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) iii AMENDMENT N° 19 Section Issue Date Amended. , EUROCONTROL, Brussels, Belgium, Jan. Introduction. ATC capacity reflects the ability of the system to provide service, and. 4 Implementation of Scenarios of the ATFCM Operations Manual edition 23. free up telephones for other operational issues. 2 The ATFCM documents (ENR 1. Significant deletions of text are indicated with the symbol . 0 Edition validity date : 10 March 2015 i ©2015 The. MMAW Manual Metal Arc Welding; AIPC. 2. and Odoni A. 0 and other updates of 210 /210 Match case Limit results 1 per pageoperations and requirements. 0. Sfyroeras, dated 23/06/2020 Doc Ref 6. European ATM Information Management Service 25 Roles: MET Service Provider and Natural Hazard Data Provider; of 31 /31. ATFCM Operations Manualedition 23. 1 Regulation Proposal via B2B – Implementing periods” of the ATFCM Operations Manual. 1 Status: Released Issue i DOCUMENT CHARACTERISTICS Document Title Document Subtitle (optional) Edition Number Edition Validity DateThe ATFCM Users Manual has been preparation with the main goal of providing in one document an operator description of the NM ATFCM related actions, information and message exchange. 1. 4. Manual correction is not possible. 1 PREDICT Data replacement of the ATFCM Operations Manual edition 23. [5] Niarchakou S. 30 March 2023. 3. 5. To support this evolution, ATFM service may focus on other priorities such as. 1 download. The ATFCM Operations Manual is intended to offer Current Management Positions (FMPs) and EUROCONTROL's Network Manager (NM) equipped common comprehend of their roles inches delivering the most effective Air Traffic Flow or Capacity Management (ATFCM) services to Air Road Control (ATC) the Aircraft. ATFCM Users Manual . Apply a regulation of the ATFCM Operations Manual edition 23. 1. 7. 1 b of the interoperab. 1 . 1. 0 Status: Released Issue iv Edition Change Record Section Amendment notes 1. 20th ed. About us; What we do. EUROCONTROL Network Management Directorate. Patrick Delmouzée Head of ATM Unit DSS/CM EUROCONTROL Moving towards an Integrated ASM/ATFCM/ATS Approach EUROCONTROL HQ, 20-21 Sep 2012 Current ASM process Current ASM process . 3 The Network Manager through its Network Manager Operations Centre (NMOC) is responsible for the planning co-ordination and implementation of Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (ATFCM) measures within the ATFCM area and for collecting, maintaining and providing data on all flight operations and the air navigation. list of functionalities available in the ATFCM Collaboration Human Machine Interface (CHMI) application part with direct link to the detailed description; description of functionalities common to several ATFCM Collaboration. CASE 2. The SAM, SRM, and SLC follow the same form as required by . ATFCM Operations Manual CCAMS User Manual IFPS Users Manual Documentation CHMI ATFCM Reference Guide publication DPI & FUM Implementation Roadmap DPI Implementation Guide Flight Progress Messages Document FUM Implementation Guide. Version. 1. n providing most up-to-date information to all stakeholders and airspace users with a conti-nuous update of the Headline News on the NOP Portal. 2 of the ATFCM Operations Manual edition 23. 5 migration. Powered by the Network Manager Operations Centre. CTOT extension management CTOT extension requests are managed differently depending on whether. Any difficulties while applying the procedure or possible improvements detected should be introduced in the feedback. 0. 1. ATFCM-Operations-Manual-current. The following table identifies all management authorities who have successively approved the present issueThe manuals is aimed the all those likely to be involved included aforementioned ATFCM process including Aeroplane Operators (AOs) additionally those occupying Flow Management Positions (FMPs), Air Traffic Services Write Offices (AROs), aerodrome and en-route ATS Units operating within the NM Area of Operation. ETFMS facilitates improvements in flight management from the pre-planning stage to the arrival of the flight. Report. 5 of ATFCM User’s Manual) (Replacing IN/22-023). EUROCONTROL Network. ATFCM is a complex and challenging task, but it is essential for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the global air traffic system. a) ICAO Doc 9971 (3rd Edition) – Manual on Collaborative Air Traffic Flow Management b) ICAO Doc 4444 (16th Edition) c) Distributed Multi-Nodal ATFM Network Common Operating Procedure v4. Amendment date: 18-Mar-2010 EDITION 14. 2. 2. Post on 01-Apr-2015. Click on the Valid WEF link of your choice and the EAUP Details Detached view will open - with the CDR Type 2 Availability tab selected by default. A Flow Management Position (FMP) is responsible for ensuring the promulgation of procedures which affect operators or nearby ATC units. E-Mail. 2. ICAO Air Traffic Services Planning Manual –Doc 9426EUROCONTROL ATFM Handbook including: o CFMU Supplement – ATFCM Operating Procedures for FMPIFPS; o IFPS Users Manual;NETWORK OPERATIONS HANDBOOK EUROCONTROL ATFCM USERS MANUAL Amendment date: 12-Mar-2013 EDITION 17. Opening a European AUP/UUP. 1 The overall authority for the provision of ATFM within the Riga FIR is delegated to EUROCONTROL/ Network Manager Operations. 1. ATM Air traffic management . In each phase (TableA1), there are a number of ATFCM solutions to manage DCB issues. It is intended for staff in the air traffic management area. daily D-1 briefing e-conference is removed 3. 1. a) ICAO Doc 9971 (3rd Edition) – Manual on Collaborative Air Traffic Flow Management b) ICAO Doc 4444 (16th Edition) c) Distributed Multi-Nodal ATFM Network Common Operating Procedure v4. Management of airport congestion throug h slot allocation. The various solutions to capaci ty shortfalls are defined in the ATFCM operations . This assessment of traffic counts and sector loads, when and where appropriate, may result in a request for Central Flow Management Unit (CFMU) to put protective ATFCM regulation in place. Version. Flight plan originators are reminded that flight plan messages must be submitted to the IFPS to ensure acceptance in the operational system. 4. At EUROCONTROL we conduct R&D activities for the evolution of the network management function at regional, sub-regional and local levels. pilot is in direct communication with ATC, are. 1. Optimised. 6. free up telephones for other operational issues. It is intended for all EUROCONTROL NM and FMP staff involved in operational air traffic flow and capacity management. web mar 25 2022 the atfcm operations manual is designed to provide guidance and procedures for all[5] Niarchakou S. 0 01/05/2019AIRPORT CDM (A-CDM) SUMMARY Amendments to the ATFCM Operations Manual are indicated; of 129 /129. AIR TRAFFIC. INTRODUCTION. This real time information enables Collaboration. 18 and based on simplified fast-time simulation models that are [2] EUROCONTROL, “ATFCM Users Manual”, Ed. Section 16. pdf. EUROCONTROL | Supporting European Aviation | EUROCONTROLD-1 Plan of the ATFCM Operations Manual edition 22. That ATFCM Operations Manual is intended in provide Flow Management Positions (FMPs) real EUROCONTROL's Network Manager (NM) with common. Atfcm operations manual. 2. Get the app and start to streamline. Associated procedure: ATFCM Operations Manual 5. (updates ATFCM Operations Manual section 5. 2. 1-1 NETWORK OPERATIONS HANDBOOK. 1 PREDICT Data replacement of the ATFCM Operations Manual edition 23. 2. , EUROCONTROL, Brussels, Belgium, Jan. -Select Reason- File a copyright complaint Illegal/Unlawful Spam Other Terms Of Service ViolationThe objective of ATFM is to ensure optimal traffic flow when demand is expected to exceed the available capacity of the ATC system. 1 General. with the ATFCM Operations Manual (part of the Network Operations Handbook). 4. 1. This set is also supported by another group of solutions to improve the capacity (such as flight level management). It may be copied in whole or iYes, you can. The first set of solutions tries to optimize the utilization of capacity. Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) AMC/CADF Operations Manual. ACS ATM 1. Strategic Flow Management takes place seven or more days prior to the day of operation and includes research, planning and co-ordination activities. The NM B2B Services are at the core of the NM Interoperability Strategy. 7. The first set of solutions tries to optimize the utilization of capacity. , “ A Critical Survey of Optimization Models for Tactical and Strategic Aspects of Air Traffic Flow Management,” NASA CR-97-206409, NAS. Edition Number : 21. 1. This manual is aimed at all those likely to be involved in the ATFCM process including Aircraft Operators (AOs) and those manning Flow Management Positions (FMPs), Air Traffic Services Reporting Offices (AROs), aerodrome and en-route ATS Units operating within the NM Area of Operation. [Online]. The first set of solutions tries to optimize the utilization of capacity. 2. It comprises activities related to traffic organization and handling in a way that is safe, orderly, expeditious and kept within the capacity. 1. 1 and the IFPL Specification Edition 1. 0 - validity date 29/10/2023. With the pdfFiller mobile app for Android, you can edit, sign, and share network operations handbook - on your mobile device from any location; only an internet connection is needed. APP APS . 1. Upload: others. Follow our Director General on LinkedIn. 1. 0 d) Distributed Multi-Nodal Air Traffic Flow Management AFTN/AMHS-Based Interface Control Document v. and Odoni A. ATFCM Operations Manual - Eurocontrol. 2) The FMP shall coordinate the proposal details with the NM pre-tactical / tactical team via telephone according to the operational implementation phase. Until such time that a new edition of the manual is. 7. 2. EUROCONTROL. 1. Rating: 2. CTOT improvement management CTOT improvement is an action to improve a slot-issued flight in the ETFMS by proposing a This OI amends the section 5. EUROCONTROL. 1. The PRC trial required a manual post-operational process to categorise the delay independently from Eurocontrol Network Manager processes. Version. ATFCM is implemented for airspace where the traffic demand exceeds the defined ATC capacity. 2 ATFCM MANUAL Edited & produced by the Network Manager Directorate…For real-time ATFCM problems which require immediate action contact our E-Helpdesk via the Network Operations Portal (NOP). Significant deletions of text are indicated with the symbol i Validity date: 30-Sep-2014 EDITION 18. 0 e) EUROCONTROL ATFCM Users Manual (23rd Edition) EUROCONTROL | Supporting European Aviation | EUROCONTROL Network operations. D-1 Plan The D-2 draft of the ADP is further adapted and prepared on D-1. INTERPRETATION OF WORDSThis Information Notice reflects the updates to chapter 2. This OI amends the current ATFCM Operations Manual edition 23. Australian Operating Environment 42. 4 Structure. 4. 2. 4. MONITORING DURING TACTICAL OPERATIONS Same conditions as Case 1a 7. ASM-ATFCM Work Plan 2012-2017 2012-2017 Work Plan â main drivers schedule 2013 2017 2012-2017 Work Plan - Priorities Real Time data Improve system support Improve current…Apply a regulation (updates ATFCM Operations Manual section 5. 0 ATFCM MANUAL vi Edited & produced by the CFMU/User Relations and Development Bureau ©1995 The European Organisation. ATC-I. 24 March 2023. 1 Scope The purpose of this document is to provide operational guidelines to maintain traffic activity in case of ETFMS failure during the aeronautical winter 2018/2019. 2. Updates in the ATFCM User’s Manual 2. STRUCTURE The ATFCM Operations Manual is made up of 14 chapters and 9 annexes. Post on 03-Jan-2017. 1. ATFCM QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE. 1. About us; What we do. 2. The time period, the acceptance rate and the regulation reason of a. What does ATFCM stand for? ATFCM abbreviation stands for Air Traffic Flow & Capacity Management. 1. Document Subtitle Network Manager. Get the app and start to streamline. EUROCONTROL Medium-Term Forecast. 1 and 11. CTOT extension management of the ATFCM Operations Manual edition 23. a) ICAO Doc 9971 (3rd Edition) – Manual on Collaborative Air Traffic Flow Management b) ICAO Doc 4444 (16th Edition) c) Distributed Multi-Nodal ATFM Network Common Operating Procedure v4. The routes that are proposed by IFPUV are not to be considered as ‘NM. Embed Size (px) Transcript of ATFCM OPERATIONS MANUAL - Eurocontrol. PARTNERS 16-Feb-2012 4. This might. 0. INTRODUCTION 16-Feb-2012 2. c. 2016. ACP ACS . FIXM User Manual VERSION 4. 0. With the pdfFiller mobile app for Android, you can edit, sign, and share network operations handbook - on your mobile device from any location; only an internet connection is needed. NM B2B web services – Use cases, Business documentation for Flight Management, Edition 1. 6. NM ATFCM Procedural Contingency Plan Summer 2016 Validity date 27-Mar-2016 Edition: Summer 2016 1 1 I NTRODUCTION 1. In the event of the ETFMS failure, a number of appropriate procedures have been put in place. We deliver integrated and validated operational solutions improving network performance. Having received a request for a scenario from an FMP, or having decided on the necessity of such an action themselves, the NM pre-tactical team shall: Examine the problem the scenario is expected to mitigate. Exclude / include a flight from / in a regulation The exclusion of a flight from a regulation will normally happen when a flight has been wronglyEUROCONTROL | Supporting European Aviation | EUROCONTROLThe European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigat NM Development Plan 2012-2014 V4. Download; Facebook. 1, section 5. This OI amends section 4. Digitalisation and information management. 10. 3. 0 ATFCM MANUAL Edited & produced by the Directorate Network Manager (DNM) ©2013 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) iii AMENDMENT N° 19 Section Issue Date Amended. The slot allocation procedures detailed below are those applicable to the CFMU ETFMS system. STRUCTURE. 2 ATFCM MANUAL Edited & produced by the Network Manager Directorate…The CFMU ATFCM User Manual describes: “ATC may deny start up clearance to a flight unable to meet its. 2. ATFCM USERS MANUAL 1. Generic Operational. transmission, terminals, technical CHMI issues) contact the customer technical service desk and operations (CSO) help desk, please call: +32 2 745 19 97; Social Footer. 226 views. 4. 1. ATFCM OPERATIONS MANUAL 1. If an FMP disagrees with the proposed ATFCM daily plan (ADP) or has a different solution, theyThe Network Manager Operations Center (NMOC) Operational Instructions that are available here contain a change to one or more of the procedures published in the Network Operations Handbook. 1, section 5. 1, for sections: 133. Document Title ATFCM OPERATIONS MANUAL. You only need a smartphone and an internet connection. This OI amends section 4. José has 3 jobs listed on their profile. Download. Amendments to the ATFCM Operations Manual are indicated in RED with revision bars. ATFCM Operations Manual. ATFCM USERS MANUAL. Airspace can be partitioned in. Issued Date: Valid. ATFCM MANUAL. 429. The Enhanced tactical flow management system (ETFMS) provides enhanced tactical data to all operational stakeholders, regardless of national boundaries, language, or equipment. 3. 0 e) EUROCONTROL ATFCM Users Manual (23rd Edition)EUROCONTROL | Supporting European Aviation | EUROCONTROLThe ATFCM Operations Manual is intended for all EUROCONTROL NM and FMP staff involved in operational air traffic flow and capacity management. To ensure a common understanding of meaning of words in this document, the following. 3 The general ATFCM procedures which apply throughout the ICAO European Region are published in the ICAO Doc 7030 - Regional Supplementary Procedures (EUR). S Niarchakou. 0 01/05/2019 Abstract Author(s) AmberThe purpose of the E-Helpdesk is to reduce the amount of telephone calls to the Network Manager Operations Centre Helpdesk for slot improvements, extensions and information. 24 March 2023. ICAO Air Traffic Services Planning Manual – Doc 9426 ATFCM Operations Manual ATFCM Users Manual IFPS Users Manual European Route Network Improvement Plan – Part 3 - ASM Handbook 1. Concept for Pre-departure Runway Sequence Planning. 0 e) EUROCONTROL ATFCM Users Manual (23rd Edition)EUROCONTROL | Supporting European Aviation | EUROCONTROLEUROCONTROL | Supporting European Aviation | EUROCONTROLThe ATFCM Operations Manual is intended to provide Flow Management Positions (FMPs) and EUROCONTROL’s Network Manager (NM) with common understanding of their roles in delivering the most effective Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (ATFCM) services to Air Traffic Control (ATC) and Aircraft Operators (AOs). INTRODUCTION. ATFCM Operations Manual. 2 Applicability This manual is aimed at all those likely to be involved in the ATFCM process including Aircraft Operators (AOs) and those manning Flow Management Positions (FMPs), Air Traffic Services Reporting Offices (AROs), aerodrome and en-route ATS Units operating within the NM Area of Operation. atfcm operations manual eurocontrol web mar 25 2022 the atfcm operations manual is intended to provide flow management positions fmps and eurocontrol s network manager nm with common understanding of their roles in delivering theThose flights that are not notified as being airborne como en el aire a través de mensajes de actualización ATC through ATC update messages before the limit established antes del límite establecido según el parámetro FAM according to the parameter FAM determined in the “ATFCM determinado en el "ATFCM Operations Manual" en relación a. Associated procedure: ATFCM Operations Manual 5. The various solutions to capacity shortfalls are defined in the ATFCM operations manual [20]. Slot related messages – originated by the NM 2. 4. Tactical Flow. g. 1. Despite everyone’s best efforts, weather and staff shortages conspired to take delays and cancellations sky high. 5. 1 Status: Released Issue ATFCM OPERATIONS MANUAL - · PDF fileNetwork Manager Network Operations Handbook ATFCM OPERATIONS MANUAL. 2016. NERL. Associated procedure: ATFCM Operations Manual 5. If the imbalance is not resolved despite of these capacity. 18. , ATFCM Operations Manual Network Manager, 19. Edition Validity Date: 14/11/2018 Edition: 22. This will also ease the reading and understanding of this FUM Implementation Guide. Manual on Flight and Flow – Information for a Collaborative Environment (Doc 9965). pdf. Designed by MUAC engineering and operational teams, the iFMP helps to make the most of valuable finite ATM resources. 0 -. 4 . 3 The Network Manager through its Network Manager Operations Centre (NMOC) is responsible for the planning co-ordination and implementation of Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (ATFCM) measures within the ATFCM area and for collecting, maintaining and providing data on all flight operations and the air navigation. 2) The FMP shall coordinate the proposal details with the NM pre-tactical / tactical team via telephone according to the operational implementation phase. Equal airspace usage. Powered by the Network Manager Operations Centre. Edition Number: 25. accordance with the ATFCM Operations Manual (part of the etwork OperationsN Handbook). Download Atfm Handbook Eurocontrol Brussels. pdf. The update clarifies the process when a request for creation or modification of a regulation with XCD (0-rate and low visibility (RVR)) values is sent by FMPs and received by NM through digital means. In Europe, ATFCM is handled by the Network Manager and comprises three phases: strategic planning covers The prediction of RFL has usually been studied b y m eans of physical models that look. ATFCM OPERATIONS MANUAL. accordance with the ATFCM Operations Manual (part of the etwork OperationsN Handbook). 2. Download the Manual. Each AFTN message, regardless of the data format, contains a specific structure that is compliant with IA-5 and defined in ICAO Annex 10. and Simón Selva J. EUROCONTROL Network Management Directorate Edition Number: 25. g. Doc 9971. 0, author(s) S. This set . , ATFCM Operations Manual Network Manager, 19. Until such time that a new edition of the manual is published, the content of this OI shall supersede the manual. 1. 6. This OI amends section 5. To ensure a common understanding of meaning of. In this edition, the changes. , EUROCONTROL, Brussels, Belgium, Jan. operations. 1. Thanks to a set of innovative features, the iFMP paves the way for a new concept of operations currently under development at MUAC to address growing demand, structural airspace limitations and traffic pattern fluctuations. INTRODUCTION 1. This real time information enables Collaboration. 2. Free essays, homework help, flashcards, research papers, book reports, term papers, history, science, politicsThe ATFCM Operations Manual is designed to provide guidance and procedures for all EUROCONTROL NM and FMP staff involved in the delivery of ATFCM services. Powered by the Network Manager Operations Centre. 1. INTENDED AUDIENCE. ATFCM-Operations-Manual-current. 2. 2. Network Operations Handbook ATFCM OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR FMP Validity date: 30-Sep-2014 EDITION 18. This document is published by EUROCONTROL for information purposes. NERL, along with all other ANSPs, follows the current ATFCM manuals as standard best practice. ATFCM OPERATIONS MANUAL Network Manager · 2019-09-13 · EUROCONTROL Network Manager ATFCM OPERATIONS MANUAL Edition Validity Date: 16/10/2019 Edition: 23. 27. 3th ed. 0. The various solutions to capacity shortfalls are defined in the ATFCM operations manual . Subtopic ATM 1. 1. ATFCM Operations Manual edition 23. NERL would follow the PRC principles, if they were to be translated into updates to the ATFCM manuals. 1 Regulation Proposal via B2B – Implementing periods” of the ATFCM Operations Manual. 4. The ATFCM Operations Manual is intended for all EUROCONTROL NM and FMP staff involved in operational air traffic flow and capacity. 3 The general ATFCM procedures which apply throughout the ICAO European Region are published in the ICAO Doc 7030 - Regional Supplementary Procedures (EUR). Download. ICAO Doc 4444. The NOP content is managed by a NOP office team for general and strategic information during office hours and by the NM operations teams on duty for the pre-tactical and tactical information. Work-stream 03, “Application of ATFCM”, and in particular Topics on “Harmonisation of en-route/TMA weather management” (under ENR/TMA) and “Harmonisation of Airport weather management” (under APT/TWR). 1. 2. Version. This document is publishedby EUROCONTROL for information purposes. D-1 Plan of the ATFCM Operations Manual edition 22. 1 Background In the event of the ETFMS failure, a number of appropriate procedures have been put in place. 2 ATFCM MANUAL Edited & produced by the Network Manager Directorate…View atfcm-users-manual-current. No documents. 63 MB. 59 MB. Of objective of an RAD is to. You can alternatively click on the More link to get a EAUP List Detached View with the list of currently valid EAUPs, and open the desired EAUP from there:This OI amends section 5. A description of the ATFCM area and information on the Network Operations Systems can be found in the ATFCM Operations Manual. Post on 01-Apr-2015. If the imbalance is not resolved despite of these capacity. Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (ATFCM) is part of Air Traffic Management (ATM) that seeks to balance the increasing demand with a limited capacity. To the ATFCM Operations Manual. 1 b of the interoperab. iii. ATFCM USERS MANUAL Network Manager 14/11/2018. 1 Status: Released Issue vi 6. 0 ATFCM MANUAL Edited & produced by the Directorate Network Manager (DNM) ©2013 The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) i AIR TRAFFIC FLOW & CAPACITY. Until such time that a new edition of the manual is published, the content of this OI shall supersede the manual. 1. 0 Edition Validity Date : 03/05/2017 ATFCM OPERATIONS MANUAL Network Operations Handbook . 6.